STUDI LITERATUR PENGARUH FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN MAKHLUK HIDUP

Abstract

Environmental conditions have a very large influence on physiological, morphological, and behavioral processes in the development of living organisms. This study synthesizes the results of recent empirical and theoretical research (2015-2025) regarding the role of abiotic and biotic environmental factors including temperature, light, humidity, pollution, and interspecies interactions in shaping the growth, adaptation, and survival of organisms in various ecosystems. The analysis shows patterns of developmental plasticity, evolutionary adaptation, and ecological resilience. In addition, this study identifies knowledge gaps, particularly in understanding the synergistic effects of various environmental stressors and long-term environmental changes. This study concludes that an interdisciplinary approach combining molecular biology, ecology, and climate science is highly necessary to understand organism development in the Anthropocene era.