DAMPAK PAPARAN BIOINSEKTISIDA TERHADAP INTEGRITAS JARINGAN LARVA Aedes aegypti: KAJIAN HISTOLOGIS

Abstract

Mosquito borne diseases, particularly dengue hemorrhagic fever, remain a significant health problem in tropical regions. The continuous utilization of chemical insecticides induces mosquito resistance and environmental degradation. Therefore, utilizing bioinsecticides derived from natural materials, such as soursop (Annona muricata) leaf extract, serves as an environmentally friendly alternative. This study aims to evaluate the histological impact of soursop leaf extract on the tissue structure of Aedes aegypti larvae. A completely randomized design comprising three groups was employed: an unexposed group as the negative control, a group exposed to a 3% extract concentration representing the LC50, and a group exposed to 1 mg/L temephos as the positive control. Third instar Aedes aegypti larvae were exposed for 24 hours. Tissue preparation utilized hematoxylin eosin staining for microscopic observation. The negative control larvae exhibited intact epithelial structures, whereas larvae exposed to the bioinsecticide experienced cellular structural disruption, mesenteron swelling, vacuolization, and mild to moderate necrosis. The positive control group displayed severe damage, characterized by total necrosis, epithelial shedding, and tissue destruction. Although larval tissue damage from the extract exposure was significant, its toxicity was lower than the synthetic insecticide, evidenced by a score of 0 for the negative control, 2 for the 3% extract, and 3 for temephos. Acetogenin compounds in soursop leaves disrupt cell membrane integrity and mitochondrial function. These findings support the potential of Annona muricata as an effective and environmentally friendly bioinsecticide for controlling dengue vectors.