INTEGRASI ETNOSAINS BUDAYA LOKAL DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPA: TINJAUAN LITERATUR PADA MATERI ZAT ADITIF DAN ZAT ADIKTIF

Abstrak

Science education requires an approach capable of linking scientific concepts with the culture and experiences of students to make learning more meaningful and contextual. The integration of local cultural ethnoscience can connect local cultural knowledge with formal science. This study aims to analyze research results related to ethnoscience integration in science learning, focusing on the connection of local food culture to additive and addictive substances. The method utilized is the Integrative Literature Review (Whittemore and Knafl, 2005) by analyzing 18 articles published between 2015 and 2025 relevant to the topics of ethnoscience, science education, and additive alongside addictive substances. The synthesis results indicate three main research themes, namely (1) the development of ethnoscience based teaching materials, (2) the application of contextual learning approaches based on local culture, and (3) the integration of cultural values and character within the science curriculum. The majority of studies are descriptive and have not directly tested the effectiveness of ethnoscience application in the classroom. Furthermore, most research topics still focus on food production processes involving temperature, heat, and physical or chemical changes, while studies extensively discussing additive and addictive substances remain limited. This study asserts the importance of developing a local food culture ethnoscience based science learning model that directly connects the concepts of additive and addictive substances within the Merdeka Curriculum framework to strengthen student scientific literacy and cultural character.