PENERAPAN DEEP LEARNING DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BIOLOGI MOLEKULER UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN ABAD 21 SISWA SMA

Abstrak

The main challenges in teaching molecular biology in high school are the gap between the independent curriculum and the demands of 21st-century skills, as well as students’ limited understanding of abstract concepts in molecular biology. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of applying deep learning in transforming molecular biology instruction and its impact on strengthening students’ 21st-century skills. The method used was a systematic literature review of indexed articles from 2019 to 2024 with thematic analysis. The results of the study indicate that the integration of convolutional neural networks in the analysis of simple biological data significantly improves understanding of molecular biology concepts. The implementation of deep learning-based project- based learning has been proven to enhance 4C skills (critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, communication) with a substantial effect size across various case studies. Scientific findings reveal three effective models: protein structure visualization using autoencoders with high accuracy, cell image classification via transfer learning achieving 92% accuracy, and DNA sequence prediction using a simple neural network. The conclusion of this study demonstrates that the deep learning approach can transform molecular biology learning while strengthening 21st-century skills through the enhancement of students’ digital literacy and computational thinking.