ANALISIS GENOM PADI (Oryza sativa L.) UNTUK MENGIDENTIFIKASI GEN YANG BERPERAN DALAM KETAHANAN TERHADAP PENYAKIT HAWAR DAUN BAKTERI (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae)

Abstrak

Bacterial Leaf Blight (BLB) disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae constitutes one of the most serious threats to rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in tropical regions, including Indonesia. The infestation of this disease can reduce crop yields by more than 50% in susceptible rice varieties. The most effective and sustainable control measure is through the development of disease resistant rice varieties by utilizing genetic resistance information. This study aims to identify the major genes that play a role in the resistance mechanism against bacterial leaf blight disease through a genomic analysis approach. The research method was conducted by collecting resistance gene sequence data from the NCBI public database, followed by sequence alignment, homology analysis, and gene function annotation utilizing bioinformatics tools such as BLAST, MEGA, and Geneious. The analysis was performed by comparing the genomes of resistant and susceptible rice varieties to identify potential genes such as Xa7, Xa21, and Xa13 that play a role in the plant defense mechanism against X. oryzae infection. The analysis results indicated that the Xa7 and Xa21 genes possess a high degree of homology in resistant varieties, signifying strong involvement in the plant immune response, whereas the Xa13 gene acts as a susceptibility gene. These findings provide an important scientific foundation for rice breeding programs in Indonesia through the application of Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) and CRISPR/Cas9 based genome engineering to produce superior rice varieties that are adaptive, productive, and resistant to BLB disease.