KEANEKARAGAMAN SERANGGA POLINATOR PADA TANAMAN KOPI ARABIKA (Coffea arabica L.) DI DESA NAGASARIBU 1, KECAMATAN LINTONGNIHUTA, KABUPATEN HUMBANG HASUNDUTAN

Abstrak

Pollinator insects play a crucial role in the coffee plantation ecosystem because they assist in the pollination process, which contributes to increased productivity and bean quality. However, a decline in pollinator populations due to environmental changes and human activities can negatively impact crop yields. This study aimed to determine the diversity, dominance, and frequency of pollinator visits on Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) plants in Nagasaribu 1 Village, Lintongnihuta District, Humbang Hasundutan Regency. This study used a descriptive method with a field survey approach at five observation points selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through direct observation. Sweep nets and sticky traps were used for identification and collection purposes. Insect identification was then performed in the laboratory using a stereo microscope. Diversity analysis was performed using the Shannon-Wiener index, dominance analysis using the Simpson's index, and visitation frequency was analyzed based on the number of visits per unit time. The research results showed that there were 7 species of pollinating insects from 3 orders (Diptera, Hymenoptera, and Lepidoptera) with a total of 571 individuals. Diversity was categorized as moderate (H' = 1.60), and the dominance index was categorized as low (D’ = 0.002). Pollinating insect visits to Arabica coffee flowers peaked in the morning between 8:00 and 11:00 a.m. Western Indonesian Time. Environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and light intensity were known to influence the diversity, dominance, and frequency of pollinating insects. The results of this study indicate that the presence of pollinating insects in the study area is quite diverse and not dominated by a single species, resulting in a relatively balanced pollination ecosystem.