KAJIAN LITERATUR: PENGARUH BERBAGAI ZAT PENGATUR TUMBUH TERHADAP PERBANYAKAN ANGGREK (Dendrobium sp.) SECARA IN VITRO

Abstrak

Dendrobium sp. orchids are ornamental plants of high economic value that are widely propagated through tissue culture techniques because conventional propagation has limitations in efficiency and yield uniformity. The shoot multiplication stage constitutes a crucial phase in producing superior seedlings in vitro. This study aims to systematically analyze the interaction effect between the types and concentrations of plant growth regulators (PGRs) and natural organic materials on the shoot multiplication of Dendrobium sp. The research was conducted utilizing a literature review method by examining articles from Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, and DOAJ within the 2015 to 2025 period. The PGRs analyzed included BAP, kinetin, TDZ, NAA, IBA, and 2,4 D, while the natural organic materials encompassed coconut water, tomato extract, and plantain puree. The synthesis results indicated that a combination of a medium dose cytokinin and a low dose auxin provided the most optimal shoot multiplication outcomes. BAP 3 mg/L + NAA 1–1,25 mg/L, as well as TDZ at 4 mg/L without 2,4-D, were proven to produce the highest number of shoots without causing morphological abnormalities. The addition of natural organic materials enhanced the effectiveness of PGRs through their content of natural phytohormones, vitamins, and simple sugars that support cell division and differentiation activities. This study asserts that the balance of the cytokinin auxin ratio, combined with natural organic materials, serves as the key to designing an efficient and standardized in vitro shoot multiplication protocol for Dendrobium sp..